During the self-presentation was an essential part of theorizing about the CMC, at least as far as hyperpersonal model and empirical evidence continues to accumulate, the fact is that the SNS are new and evolving social context, which may affect the -presentation practices.29 car, because conceptual framework presented so far can not fully describe and explain the behavior of these changed settings. For example, although much of the initial research management experience SNS focuses on the characteristics of the profile and simple indicators such as images, interaction between people is becoming the main SNS like Facebook and Twitter, and as such requires research.
In addition, some studies are beginning to wonder how people are effective in managing the SNS experience and what differences may exist between the objectives, principles and actual behavior.30 There is also the question of how users are experts in managing their privacy.31 using two sets data, Facebook self-report with the user, and the second actual behavior on the site, which allows to assess any discrepancies between the actions reported and actual behavior.
To investigate these issues and solve the problem as widely as possible and inductive grounded theory approach to qualitative data analysis was used. The theory of the earth seemed to be the most important for our analytical method, because although there are many studies on digital media blog and self-presentation, a clear conceptual framework is still in progress. In addition, constant repetitive process of categorizing comparison Technical allowed induction capture different expressions and ideas in our data that could help further clarify the self-presentation in the NHS. Therefore, ask the following research questions:
RQ1: What Facebook users say about their motivations and actions of self-presentation?
PE2: What are the results of self-presentation with comments and status updates of users and their friends on Facebook?
PI3: As a self-presentation activities correspond to those seen in status updates and comments submitted?
PI4: Because the activities of self-presentation reported activities differ from those seen in status updates and comments?
method
Since the purpose of our study was to compare the respondents self-presentation Self-presentation discussed the current observed behavior on Facebook, our methods included both content analysis and focus groups.
collecting data
The starting point of our study was a series of focus group interviews on Facebook usage.32 This technique is particularly useful for the study of behavior that occurs in a group, such as interaction with friends on Facebook and allows you to understand their deeper understanding of what they mean responses of respondents.
We conducted three group interviews (each about 90 minutes, three to six people each) with a 18-25 Facebook users, who were all students of African-American college. focus groups with students from a public university of medium size were made, historically black in the south-eastern United States. Participants were recruited through flyers posted on campus. Theoretical saturation was evident at the end of the third session, which did not detect any new designs and conceptual categories, three of the group is considered to be the appropriate data set.
Before the focus group respondents were asked to print your news channel walls and for information purposes. The Group focuses conducted through a list of topics, covering many aspects of using Facebook, choosing to send updates with friends via private messages.
In order to study the behavior of Facebook users and provide a reference point, we can also analyze the Facebook news feed and wall contents, which used a sample of seventeen students, age 18 to 25. This particular group has been selected because they understand the original purpose of Facebook and the majority of participants users. 34 ,, network comes historically black public universities and colleges ,, medium-sized enterprises medium-sized public in the south-eastern United States. While the students were invited to participate in discussion groups and content analysis, there was some overlap among respondents in both studies. As with the theoretical saturation clear during the initial stage of the analysis, which indicates a sample to be analyzed satisfactorily theoretical mass.
After entering your account, participants were asked to view all comments and contain hidden messages in the ""old position"" Print the wall channel and a personal profile and make invisible all the information from the identification marker. There were some differences in the time period from each person, from a few days to several months. Changes in the number of posts and wall collected ranged from 38 to 278, with an average of 67 seats. A total of 676 news feeds, wall posts, 465 and 660 comments were collected.
analysis
Both the data obtained from the analysis of the content and were analyzed using the technique of constant comparison theory of the earth. After a careful reading of both transcription of data collected from focus groups and walls and news feeds, build category to reflect the introduction of independent activities, which have been described by the participants or can be observed in the supply of news. An iterative process was used to compare, integrate and browse the different categories. The material has been divided into categories, the two authors evaluates each category to see if it was necessary to make changes and corrections. Their results were compared and any changes in categorization are synthesized in order to reach agreement on the final classification.
When it comes to content analysis, and focused only on self-presentation through human interaction, we have not analyzed the profile page, the results of applications or other Facebook members, because they are outside ""the scope of this paper, though certainly play a role in the management of printing.
Results
Focus group: self-presentation
poster, reader and reagents: Analysis of focus group transcripts of three categories of functions that the user can take Facebook identified. After this first classification, each fragment was analyzed with respect to any aspect of his introduction. Fragments that appeared in relation to similar problems were collected and used to identify specific behavioral strategies. These strategies have been divided into groups of strategies that serve specific objectives, responding to the first research question the motivation of self-presentation and self-reported on Facebook. We have identified five goals, the first three of which were considered important: the most widespread and replace from the point of view of the reader and reagents posters. While the last two goals were considered minor, though significant because only two of the three points of view were discussed.
Mayor Objective 1: Create a real self-presentation
Most of the participants in this study saw the building of an authentic image as an important aspect of self-presentation on Facebook. As one respondent, ""no one wants to false self."" Participants were also asked to assess the authenticity of the other self-presentation tactics and crop images. In his opinion, the credibility of presentations is not real pain, especially if the presenter was well known in other contexts, and the image they have created in Facebook does not correspond to the way respondents knew them in real life.
Q: I have a person who was just a geek in high school, and the next thing they do, they are in their Facebook guns or rags or something.
E: I saw that too. It's really ... I have to laugh at him.
Q: I laugh. E 'in high school, is not in any group.
reported strategies in order to ensure effective self-presentation included to ensure that the contents have been updated profile and an accurate reflection of their interests, using the profile image of honest, sincere and write images to share status updates are up -to -date, insightful and reflect on this, respondents believe that they really are. An interesting observation is that not all respondents agreed on how it should be exposed or free in your status updates or photos. One of the respondents, while the disapproval of friends who posted pictures of themselves drinking and night, he said: ""I think they just themselves."" Another interviewee clearly stated that it will not have bad feelings on Facebook too often for fear of being seen as "" sad boy "", while others interviewed claimed to be very sincere in their status updates. There was general agreement, however, that violation or attempted exaggerated autopresentation are undesirable in others. Respondents said to criticize the status updates Friends realistic or inappropriate. Finally, when we talk about self-presentation as a reagent respondents also said that Facebook users should make sure the comments are significant. This reluctance meaningless comments such as the ""Like"", but extended to simple or trivial observations as ""Hello"".
Mayor Objective 2: Creating and current professional self-presentation, positive
Although management requirements ground in print, in fact, focus group participants also stressed the need to create an image that highlights the admirable aspects of yourself, be positive, current, and professional. According to the respondents, timeliness can be achieved through strategies such as publishing every day, making photos and profile information is up to date, and the response to comments and wall posts. Participants in the focus groups did not like friends who were too negative in the way of self-expression and those who were negligent or offensive messages and content.
B: I have a friend from high school, and when it is able to someone or ""hate"" She is always bad .... So goes through my head like ""why are you bringing this negative ..."" presented himself as essentially a negative be a negative person.
The content, which was considered trivial, meaningless or unclear have also been reported to be a nuisance and harmful to self-presentation to anyone.
K: I have many friends who write a lot of crazy .... I get tired ... and write stupid questions .... I think some people like to write for the care or whatever.
There was an awareness that the profiles are public and publicly, as families and future employers seeing on Facebook, calling for self-presentation is suitable for a diverse audience. One respondent well done this feeling when he said:
Q: What stops me how to put all my pictures and things on Facebook would be the level of professionalism. I'm worried about my parents, to see some of them, and I worry that employers, who see some of the photos I have.
At the end, participants also said that the monitoring of their content inappropriate for walls friends, which leads to the third objective, the control of information.
Mayor Objective 3: Information Control
Two previously discussed targets apparently include the control of information as one of its strategies; monitoring and suppression of the wall is, for example, the control strategy information. This objective will be discussed in this section, but specifically refers to the need to control access to information.
Facebook users in our focus groups talked about a lot of privacy needs. One of the participants said, went so far as to use multiple profiles, one for friends and one for the university family. Other participants spoke about strategies to censor what they say in status updates, or what they put in their profiles and using the privacy settings on Facebook.
B: I try to keep it pretty straight to the point, because I know that there are people who have friends like that you do not know, but I just go to my school, however, so I agreed. I do not want to know too much about it.
The majority of respondents indicated that they were concerned about the exchange of phone numbers and information about relationships in a romantic line, while some people tend to ""low profile"" and avoid draw attention to themselves, as a way to keep their isolation and control. Other control strategies were monitored offensive or wall post card disclosure, removing them if necessary. In addition, they keep track of all the subjects were ""marked"" on the pictures to make sure that it will not be associated with unflattering photos of herself.
Secondary Objective 1: To receive recognition
Feel valued and receive the reward was the goal that was raised by both in terms of the cartel, as well as from the point of view of the reader. One of the respondents indicated that this is the main activity on Facebook:
G: I just went up and see what you really think of me.
Participants were asked for recognition from other writing messages to attract attention, indicating that they were usually funny or controversial statements (eg, ""Is not it itch stop""). In the discussion of comments, respondents made it clear that they are appreciated and often expected, comments and suggestions from others. In addition, respondents indicated that changes often be written to request the support and help from his friends. Comments should be relevant; or significant participants preferred detailed comments on their posts, as opposed to the use of the ""Like-Button"" or another small response information.
Secondary objective 2: represented as socially Literate
The desire to come across as a person who adheres to existing social norms is the purpose mentioned is the view of character, and from the perspective of the reagent. Our Facebook users want to present a friendly, courteous manner and social development. Others felt pressure to wish ""Happy Birthday"" on the walls, and correspond with gratitude when others wished them all the best, or support questions or comments. They reported waiting to supplement the images with friends Profile, trying to greet someone who has not spoken for a while ""and avoid embarrassing or offensive messages on the bulletin board.
To investigate these issues and solve the problem as widely as possible and inductive grounded theory approach to qualitative data analysis was used. The theory of the earth seemed to be the most important for our analytical method, because although there are many studies on digital media blog and self-presentation, a clear conceptual framework is still in progress. In addition, constant repetitive process of categorizing comparison Technical allowed induction capture different expressions and ideas in our data that could help further clarify the self-presentation in the NHS. Therefore, ask the following research questions:
RQ1: What Facebook users say about their motivations and actions of self-presentation?
PE2: What are the results of self-presentation with comments and status updates of users and their friends on Facebook?
PI3: As a self-presentation activities correspond to those seen in status updates and comments submitted?
PI4: Because the activities of self-presentation reported activities differ from those seen in status updates and comments?
method
Since the purpose of our study was to compare the respondents self-presentation Self-presentation discussed the current observed behavior on Facebook, our methods included both content analysis and focus groups.
collecting data
The starting point of our study was a series of focus group interviews on Facebook usage.32 This technique is particularly useful for the study of behavior that occurs in a group, such as interaction with friends on Facebook and allows you to understand their deeper understanding of what they mean responses of respondents.
We conducted three group interviews (each about 90 minutes, three to six people each) with a 18-25 Facebook users, who were all students of African-American college. focus groups with students from a public university of medium size were made, historically black in the south-eastern United States. Participants were recruited through flyers posted on campus. Theoretical saturation was evident at the end of the third session, which did not detect any new designs and conceptual categories, three of the group is considered to be the appropriate data set.
Before the focus group respondents were asked to print your news channel walls and for information purposes. The Group focuses conducted through a list of topics, covering many aspects of using Facebook, choosing to send updates with friends via private messages.
In order to study the behavior of Facebook users and provide a reference point, we can also analyze the Facebook news feed and wall contents, which used a sample of seventeen students, age 18 to 25. This particular group has been selected because they understand the original purpose of Facebook and the majority of participants users. 34 ,, network comes historically black public universities and colleges ,, medium-sized enterprises medium-sized public in the south-eastern United States. While the students were invited to participate in discussion groups and content analysis, there was some overlap among respondents in both studies. As with the theoretical saturation clear during the initial stage of the analysis, which indicates a sample to be analyzed satisfactorily theoretical mass.
After entering your account, participants were asked to view all comments and contain hidden messages in the ""old position"" Print the wall channel and a personal profile and make invisible all the information from the identification marker. There were some differences in the time period from each person, from a few days to several months. Changes in the number of posts and wall collected ranged from 38 to 278, with an average of 67 seats. A total of 676 news feeds, wall posts, 465 and 660 comments were collected.
analysis
Both the data obtained from the analysis of the content and were analyzed using the technique of constant comparison theory of the earth. After a careful reading of both transcription of data collected from focus groups and walls and news feeds, build category to reflect the introduction of independent activities, which have been described by the participants or can be observed in the supply of news. An iterative process was used to compare, integrate and browse the different categories. The material has been divided into categories, the two authors evaluates each category to see if it was necessary to make changes and corrections. Their results were compared and any changes in categorization are synthesized in order to reach agreement on the final classification.
When it comes to content analysis, and focused only on self-presentation through human interaction, we have not analyzed the profile page, the results of applications or other Facebook members, because they are outside ""the scope of this paper, though certainly play a role in the management of printing.
Results
Focus group: self-presentation
poster, reader and reagents: Analysis of focus group transcripts of three categories of functions that the user can take Facebook identified. After this first classification, each fragment was analyzed with respect to any aspect of his introduction. Fragments that appeared in relation to similar problems were collected and used to identify specific behavioral strategies. These strategies have been divided into groups of strategies that serve specific objectives, responding to the first research question the motivation of self-presentation and self-reported on Facebook. We have identified five goals, the first three of which were considered important: the most widespread and replace from the point of view of the reader and reagents posters. While the last two goals were considered minor, though significant because only two of the three points of view were discussed.
Mayor Objective 1: Create a real self-presentation
Most of the participants in this study saw the building of an authentic image as an important aspect of self-presentation on Facebook. As one respondent, ""no one wants to false self."" Participants were also asked to assess the authenticity of the other self-presentation tactics and crop images. In his opinion, the credibility of presentations is not real pain, especially if the presenter was well known in other contexts, and the image they have created in Facebook does not correspond to the way respondents knew them in real life.
Q: I have a person who was just a geek in high school, and the next thing they do, they are in their Facebook guns or rags or something.
E: I saw that too. It's really ... I have to laugh at him.
Q: I laugh. E 'in high school, is not in any group.
reported strategies in order to ensure effective self-presentation included to ensure that the contents have been updated profile and an accurate reflection of their interests, using the profile image of honest, sincere and write images to share status updates are up -to -date, insightful and reflect on this, respondents believe that they really are. An interesting observation is that not all respondents agreed on how it should be exposed or free in your status updates or photos. One of the respondents, while the disapproval of friends who posted pictures of themselves drinking and night, he said: ""I think they just themselves."" Another interviewee clearly stated that it will not have bad feelings on Facebook too often for fear of being seen as "" sad boy "", while others interviewed claimed to be very sincere in their status updates. There was general agreement, however, that violation or attempted exaggerated autopresentation are undesirable in others. Respondents said to criticize the status updates Friends realistic or inappropriate. Finally, when we talk about self-presentation as a reagent respondents also said that Facebook users should make sure the comments are significant. This reluctance meaningless comments such as the ""Like"", but extended to simple or trivial observations as ""Hello"".
Mayor Objective 2: Creating and current professional self-presentation, positive
Although management requirements ground in print, in fact, focus group participants also stressed the need to create an image that highlights the admirable aspects of yourself, be positive, current, and professional. According to the respondents, timeliness can be achieved through strategies such as publishing every day, making photos and profile information is up to date, and the response to comments and wall posts. Participants in the focus groups did not like friends who were too negative in the way of self-expression and those who were negligent or offensive messages and content.
B: I have a friend from high school, and when it is able to someone or ""hate"" She is always bad .... So goes through my head like ""why are you bringing this negative ..."" presented himself as essentially a negative be a negative person.
The content, which was considered trivial, meaningless or unclear have also been reported to be a nuisance and harmful to self-presentation to anyone.
K: I have many friends who write a lot of crazy .... I get tired ... and write stupid questions .... I think some people like to write for the care or whatever.
There was an awareness that the profiles are public and publicly, as families and future employers seeing on Facebook, calling for self-presentation is suitable for a diverse audience. One respondent well done this feeling when he said:
Q: What stops me how to put all my pictures and things on Facebook would be the level of professionalism. I'm worried about my parents, to see some of them, and I worry that employers, who see some of the photos I have.
At the end, participants also said that the monitoring of their content inappropriate for walls friends, which leads to the third objective, the control of information.
Mayor Objective 3: Information Control
Two previously discussed targets apparently include the control of information as one of its strategies; monitoring and suppression of the wall is, for example, the control strategy information. This objective will be discussed in this section, but specifically refers to the need to control access to information.
Facebook users in our focus groups talked about a lot of privacy needs. One of the participants said, went so far as to use multiple profiles, one for friends and one for the university family. Other participants spoke about strategies to censor what they say in status updates, or what they put in their profiles and using the privacy settings on Facebook.
B: I try to keep it pretty straight to the point, because I know that there are people who have friends like that you do not know, but I just go to my school, however, so I agreed. I do not want to know too much about it.
The majority of respondents indicated that they were concerned about the exchange of phone numbers and information about relationships in a romantic line, while some people tend to ""low profile"" and avoid draw attention to themselves, as a way to keep their isolation and control. Other control strategies were monitored offensive or wall post card disclosure, removing them if necessary. In addition, they keep track of all the subjects were ""marked"" on the pictures to make sure that it will not be associated with unflattering photos of herself.
Secondary Objective 1: To receive recognition
Feel valued and receive the reward was the goal that was raised by both in terms of the cartel, as well as from the point of view of the reader. One of the respondents indicated that this is the main activity on Facebook:
G: I just went up and see what you really think of me.
Participants were asked for recognition from other writing messages to attract attention, indicating that they were usually funny or controversial statements (eg, ""Is not it itch stop""). In the discussion of comments, respondents made it clear that they are appreciated and often expected, comments and suggestions from others. In addition, respondents indicated that changes often be written to request the support and help from his friends. Comments should be relevant; or significant participants preferred detailed comments on their posts, as opposed to the use of the ""Like-Button"" or another small response information.
Secondary objective 2: represented as socially Literate
The desire to come across as a person who adheres to existing social norms is the purpose mentioned is the view of character, and from the perspective of the reagent. Our Facebook users want to present a friendly, courteous manner and social development. Others felt pressure to wish ""Happy Birthday"" on the walls, and correspond with gratitude when others wished them all the best, or support questions or comments. They reported waiting to supplement the images with friends Profile, trying to greet someone who has not spoken for a while ""and avoid embarrassing or offensive messages on the bulletin board.